Cedar in Three Textures is a story in part
about a young couple and their commitment to a small town. The architectural
project is intrinsically connected to the people who inhabit it and the context
in which it is tied to.
Dr. Lynda
Earle and her husband Dr. Andy Blackadar both grew up in small towns in Nova
Scotia (though Lynda was born in Winnipeg). Both went to study medicine at
Halifax’ Dalhousie University. They met during their time in school and
eventually got married. After leaving to Ontario to complete their residencies
in Family Medicine, they wanted to eventually go back to the place that they
came from, start their own practices and have a family together.
They found
opportunity in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, the setting of this story. Liverpool is
about 90 minutes down the south shore from Halifax. Andy became the town doctor
and Lynda went back to school in hopes of becoming a public health officer.
They bought a century old house and had two kids. While most of their friends
went off to the big cities, they decided that they were going to make a
significant contribution to the kind of place they grew up.
The time
came to consider either moving or expanding their home. For many reasons they
decided to stay where they were and expand the existing house. The addition and
renovation project was designed in one sitting. The parti was simple: open the
house on the “private” side towards the south. This orientation brought views
of the Mersey River into frame allowing as much sunlight in as possible during
the winter months and shade in the summer months. Above all else, the project
aspired to maintain a modest street presence (preserving the original house),
while in the addition they would use local materials and traditional building
technologies.
The existing
house was re-clad in local Eastern White cedar shingles. The new portion was
clad in two widths of Eastern White cedar boards. The clients wanted their
house to age/silver in the landscape naturally over time.
As is the
case with many small maritime towns, Liverpool, Nova Scotia is the kind of
place where kids still play outside and neighbours notice change. It’s a small
but historically relevant town. At one time it was the second biggest port in
Nova Scotia and was one of the primary settlements for American Colonial Loyalist
refugees after the American Civil War. During the American Revolution and the
War of 1812, Liverpool financed and manned many infamous privateer vessels. In
recent history, fishing, ship building and the pulp and paper industry provided
work for locals. Liverpool is the kind of place where honest people work hard
for a living.
The Earle
Blackadar family home sits in the middle of a dense main urban street on a deep
narrow lot and backs onto the Mersey River. Previously the home lacked
engagement with the river. The rear of the home has southern exposure, an
attribute which had hardly been tapped. Primarily, the massing of the proposed
addition responds to both a requirement for privacy and a character of modesty.
Secondly, the massing responds to a desire to both draw in and shade natural
sunlight depending on the time of year. The second storey cantilevers over past
the ground floor and subsequently shades the living room. The second storey
windows are deep set into bedrooms to provide necessary shading. From
street/sidewalk view none of the proposed windows are visible. All that is
visible are both east and west building elevations of meticulously placed
cedar, in 3 forms. The existing century old house remains as it has always
been, with a new jacket of 4″ exposure cedar shingles.
We proposed
strategies for sustainable design on this project that were simple and
effective. First and foremost, the clients decided to alter their existing
house. There was no desire to build new.
The plan to
make the existing house more efficient and to apply efficient strategies to the
new portion of the house is as follows: Change the heating system to a heat
pump from tradition oil. Add an air exchanger. All new walls will be built to
Nova Scotia Building Code requirements R24 and the roof to R40. The new
foundation walls will be built using ICF. The roof and cantilever cavities will
be filled with closed-cell spray insulation. Several of the older windows in
the house will be replaced and all of the new windows (large openings) will be
highly efficient vinyl windows on the second storey and wood windows on the
ground floor.
All of the
interior cabinetry was made using local solid birch and/or maple, fabricated
locally in Liverpool, NS. All of the trades are from local sources. Interior
finishes include local hardwood and marmoleum floorings. Dual-flush toilets and
automatic light dimmers are among the common sense strategies used in the
project.
The wall
assembly for both the walls and roof are 2×6 with either batt or spray-foam
insulation, and also clad in rigid insulation to further prevent thermal
bridging. We reduced a single layer of strapping on the exterior wall assembly
by using a reverse board + batten system, with the internal batten providing
both a strapping layer and an air space.
Increased
spatial needs came from the thought that the family would eventually need more
space. On the second floor the increased footprint will provide a larger master
bedroom, a larger bathroom and sufficient storage space. Much of the layout of
the original house stayed as it was. On the ground floor there is a small
powder room, a more spacious and effective kitchen and a large central social
space which will look onto the rear property and river. Work spaces have been
designed to be within the living room to promote family interaction. A large
long desk flanks the entire west wall of the living room. Below ground will be
a new insulated basement for storage.
The upstairs
bathroom was designed with a private toilet room, a shower with privacy screen
and central lavatory, allowing for multiple members of the family to share the
space.
The new
kitchen and living room spaces were designed to take advantage of the newly
exposed sun and view. The new master bedroom and adjacent bedroom take
advantage of the same exposure. The master bedroom was designed with a large
nook in front of the window.
The layout
of built-in cabinetry provides view corridors. All of the cabinetry, on both
floors run in the direction of the building and the view toward the river.
Visually,
the addition presents itself as subservient to the existing house. The new
portion would be shorter, lower, and less textured. Both the west and east
elevations are extremely minimal – just the texture of the cedar. The fully
glazed south elevation is within the private realm.
We designed
for metal roofing on the addition in order to have a low sloped roof (2:12) to
decrease the overall engagement with the existing roof framing.
There was a rigor
about material integrity from the outset. Cedar is left unfinished. Interior
millwork is left natural. Concrete is left natural. The roofing will be left
natural, just galvanized. It was important that one recognized that the
materials used were ordinary, though the sum of the materials and ideas attempt
to achieve much more.