Articles by Architecture 2030

CIAM's design principles hugely impacted development in the postwar period; now, we need new archite cture guidelines for the 21st century.

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture discusses the carbon impact of different densities, consider ing how we might build at various scales.

Accepted Global North solutions fall short of the Global South's needs, and regional adaptation rema ins largely unexplored.

Current global building stock renovation rates hover around 1% annually, but annual retrofit rates n eed to increase between 2.5 to 5% at least.