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Contemporary football stadiums are optimized for events yet detached from everyday urban life. Despite the central role of spectators, their presence is often secondary to operational and commercial priorities. As a result, stadiums function as episodic environments—intensely active during matches but largely dormant otherwise, with their scale and enclosure reinforcing a separation from the city.
The design of the Xi’an International Football Centre proposes openness as a primary strategy to reconfigure this relationship. The perceived mass of the stadium is reduced by sinking the lower seating tier below ground level, significantly lowering its overall height. A continuous ring of commercial volumes is introduced around the stadium and unified by an overarching canopy, establishing a transitional interface between the stadium and the surrounding city. Internally, the program is reduced to essential functions to minimize structural depth, while the façade is articulated through horizontal and vertical elements that break down scale and enhance human perception.
At the same time, the project redefines the stadium as a continuously operative urban system. Outside event periods, the surrounding commercial program and a semi-enclosed public plaza create an accessible civic environment, integrating the stadium into everyday urban life. During events, spatial permeability allows the atmosphere to extend beyond the bowl. A porous ground level and selectively open areas enable informal viewing, while visual connections between interior and adjacent spaces allow the experience to spill outward. The plaza transforms into a fan zone, extending the event into the public realm.
Through the integration of spatial, operational, and urban strategies, the project reframes the stadium as a shared civic resource—capable of accommodating both the intensity of events and the continuity of daily life.