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Passive House, Lozen, Bulgaria
Passive House, Lozen, Bulgaria
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Passive House, Lozen, Bulgaria
Determination of the orientation of the plot.Following the executed surveys of the real estate we
arrived at the decision described in the design. We analyzed the sunlight,
shading and the wind rose during all seasons (the data have been taken from a
meteorological station near the village of Lozen). The prevailing winter winds
are mainly south-western and western. The existing building and tree
vegetation with the orientation we have chosen are situated to the west and
form a natural protection against the winter wind, moreover they do not
overshadow the building. As an additional barrier against the winds we have
offered a fencing of the real estate of perennial bushes, with a height of
about 2 m, coniferous trees and a barbeque with pergola in the western part of
the land plot.
We selected this variant as the thick fences generate
whirlwinds while the porous barriers (such as a combination of trees and bushes)
increase the tranquil zones.
By use of the deciduous vegetation in the southern
part of the yard which is planned as to not overshadow the building, we
channelize the summer north-western winds. With a wind catcher on the roof these
winds are used for passive cooling.
Design.
The natural heat in the exterior areas depends on the
location of the sun and the properties of the ground surface to give out. Therefore,
the heat curve is lags behind against the curve of the height of the sun with
about one month, i.e. the hottest day is not June 21 but somewhere around the
last days of July, and the coldest day is not December 21st but some of the
last days of January. The degree of falling of sun rays in summer (June 21,
12:00 h.) for this geographical latitude is 70º7´, and in the end of July it is
about 60º. This way we determined the inclination of the southern facade.
The sunscreen devices along the southern facade are
with changing inclination, not admitting sun rays in summer, and to the opposite admitting them in winter.
At the base of the southern facade, at the foundation
of the wooden farms there is an inclination which we use to direct the
reflected sun irradiation towards the building (in winter months).
Traditional houses in cold climate areas are with
roofs inclined towards the unfavorable direction and windows mainly along the
southern facade. We thus solved the inclination of the roof to the north.
The volume of the building is compact, with proportion
(ratio of surface area and volume) S/V=0, 65, which is less than the volume of
a cube with length of the wall of 9 m.
The windows are mainly along the southern facade, a
small openable window is envisaged at the eastern and western side. They are
installed upon the external insulation layer of the wall.
The premises in the building are separated into
temperature areas – heated and not heated. The border between both areas is of
double partitioning wall, and the cooling, heating, ventilation systems and the
vertical pipes for water supply and sewerage pass between the walls. The
kitchen, bathrooms and the toilet are planned so as the piping (hot, cold water
and sewerage) to be placed in one vertical branch and as short as possible. Thus,
we minimize the loss of energy.
The kitchen has a connection with the warehouse where
a place has been envisaged for separate waste collection.
To the south the village of Lozen is bordered by the
Lozen Mountain. The prevailing vegetation is beech, oak and pine. Taking into
consideration the requirement for economy of the design, we selected wooden
structure for the building (we use local materials) made of pine. Compared to
beech and oak, pine is the most inexpensive construction material. The exterior
and interior partitioning walls are made of OSB panels with heat insulation
between the profiles; these are produced of waste material from the wood
processing industry. For the facing of the building we also used waste material
of the wood processing industry, and the exterior wooden panelling is made of
boards (covers), which are cut out during the processing of the wooden trunks.
We decided to use a Trombe-Michel wall (solar wall) behind
the southern facade. The cooling and the ventilation of the premises is
achieved through the „chimney (stack) effect“. The wall is solid, built of
masonry, collector-accumulating heat. It heats up during the day, accumulates
heat and radiates it during the night.
By use of a wind catcher (barjiils) on the roof the
building is passively cooled during the warm months. The prevailing north-eastern and northern summer winds are caught and the
cool air falls down and cools the premises. After it has passed through the
building, the warm air is lifted and escapes through the cooling tower. We have
borrowed this method of passive cooling from the traditional architecture in
the places with warm climate.
We also use controlled forced ventilation by
cooling/heating of the fresh air via ground air heat exchanger in the soil at a
depth of 4 m where the temperature in winter months is between 5ºС - 10ºС, and
in summer - between 10ºС -15ºС. The air heated in the house using a recuperator
delivers heat to the incoming fresh air, so therefore recovery of the energy
from the spent air is in place.
To achieve the high energy efficiency of recycling of spent
heat, we use heat exchanger with the so-called counter-current or opposite
scheme of movement of both flows - the supplied fresh external air and the
spent internal air. Their efficiency reaches 95%, and minimum is considered to
be 80% „back recovery” of the energy.
The activation of the forcing systems occurs only in
the cases when the passive means are not able to ensure the required level of
ventilation.
The wall is hermetically sealed by use of steam
permeable and air-proof foil along the entire surface of the external cover.
We selected solar collectors (11 pcs.) for domestic
hot water along the southern slope of the roof. The installed area is 18 sq.m.
Due to the high price of the photovoltaic panels, they
are not provided for in the design. It is possible to place them at the
northern slope of the roof which is with area of 107 sq.m.. Taking into account
that 8 sq.m. of panels are necessary for 1 kW of power, then the power of the
roof panels will be about 13 kW, absolutely sufficient to meet the demands of a
single household.
We also suggest the rainwater from the roof of the
building to be collected in a tank located below the slab at elevation ±0,00. The
tank is divided into two sectors. The first sector contains the water collected
from the roof which may be used in the kitchen and the bathrooms. After it has
been used once, the water goes to the second sector where again after
filtration it is used for cleansing the toilet cisterns. Finally, the water
goes into a septic tank where it is treated anaerobically (without oxygen) and
filtered by the roots of plants (wastewater treatment system „Wetland“) and is
used for watering the garden.
arrived at the decision described in the design. We analyzed the sunlight,
shading and the wind rose during all seasons (the data have been taken from a
meteorological station near the village of Lozen). The prevailing winter winds
are mainly south-western and western. The existing building and tree
vegetation with the orientation we have chosen are situated to the west and
form a natural protection against the winter wind, moreover they do not
overshadow the building. As an additional barrier against the winds we have
offered a fencing of the real estate of perennial bushes, with a height of
about 2 m, coniferous trees and a barbeque with pergola in the western part of
the land plot.
We selected this variant as the thick fences generate
whirlwinds while the porous barriers (such as a combination of trees and bushes)
increase the tranquil zones.
By use of the deciduous vegetation in the southern
part of the yard which is planned as to not overshadow the building, we
channelize the summer north-western winds. With a wind catcher on the roof these
winds are used for passive cooling.
Design.
The natural heat in the exterior areas depends on the
location of the sun and the properties of the ground surface to give out. Therefore,
the heat curve is lags behind against the curve of the height of the sun with
about one month, i.e. the hottest day is not June 21 but somewhere around the
last days of July, and the coldest day is not December 21st but some of the
last days of January. The degree of falling of sun rays in summer (June 21,
12:00 h.) for this geographical latitude is 70º7´, and in the end of July it is
about 60º. This way we determined the inclination of the southern facade.
The sunscreen devices along the southern facade are
with changing inclination, not admitting sun rays in summer, and to the opposite admitting them in winter.
At the base of the southern facade, at the foundation
of the wooden farms there is an inclination which we use to direct the
reflected sun irradiation towards the building (in winter months).
Traditional houses in cold climate areas are with
roofs inclined towards the unfavorable direction and windows mainly along the
southern facade. We thus solved the inclination of the roof to the north.
The volume of the building is compact, with proportion
(ratio of surface area and volume) S/V=0, 65, which is less than the volume of
a cube with length of the wall of 9 m.
The windows are mainly along the southern facade, a
small openable window is envisaged at the eastern and western side. They are
installed upon the external insulation layer of the wall.
The premises in the building are separated into
temperature areas – heated and not heated. The border between both areas is of
double partitioning wall, and the cooling, heating, ventilation systems and the
vertical pipes for water supply and sewerage pass between the walls. The
kitchen, bathrooms and the toilet are planned so as the piping (hot, cold water
and sewerage) to be placed in one vertical branch and as short as possible. Thus,
we minimize the loss of energy.
The kitchen has a connection with the warehouse where
a place has been envisaged for separate waste collection.
To the south the village of Lozen is bordered by the
Lozen Mountain. The prevailing vegetation is beech, oak and pine. Taking into
consideration the requirement for economy of the design, we selected wooden
structure for the building (we use local materials) made of pine. Compared to
beech and oak, pine is the most inexpensive construction material. The exterior
and interior partitioning walls are made of OSB panels with heat insulation
between the profiles; these are produced of waste material from the wood
processing industry. For the facing of the building we also used waste material
of the wood processing industry, and the exterior wooden panelling is made of
boards (covers), which are cut out during the processing of the wooden trunks.
We decided to use a Trombe-Michel wall (solar wall) behind
the southern facade. The cooling and the ventilation of the premises is
achieved through the „chimney (stack) effect“. The wall is solid, built of
masonry, collector-accumulating heat. It heats up during the day, accumulates
heat and radiates it during the night.
By use of a wind catcher (barjiils) on the roof the
building is passively cooled during the warm months. The prevailing north-eastern and northern summer winds are caught and the
cool air falls down and cools the premises. After it has passed through the
building, the warm air is lifted and escapes through the cooling tower. We have
borrowed this method of passive cooling from the traditional architecture in
the places with warm climate.
We also use controlled forced ventilation by
cooling/heating of the fresh air via ground air heat exchanger in the soil at a
depth of 4 m where the temperature in winter months is between 5ºС - 10ºС, and
in summer - between 10ºС -15ºС. The air heated in the house using a recuperator
delivers heat to the incoming fresh air, so therefore recovery of the energy
from the spent air is in place.
To achieve the high energy efficiency of recycling of spent
heat, we use heat exchanger with the so-called counter-current or opposite
scheme of movement of both flows - the supplied fresh external air and the
spent internal air. Their efficiency reaches 95%, and minimum is considered to
be 80% „back recovery” of the energy.
The activation of the forcing systems occurs only in
the cases when the passive means are not able to ensure the required level of
ventilation.
The wall is hermetically sealed by use of steam
permeable and air-proof foil along the entire surface of the external cover.
We selected solar collectors (11 pcs.) for domestic
hot water along the southern slope of the roof. The installed area is 18 sq.m.
Due to the high price of the photovoltaic panels, they
are not provided for in the design. It is possible to place them at the
northern slope of the roof which is with area of 107 sq.m.. Taking into account
that 8 sq.m. of panels are necessary for 1 kW of power, then the power of the
roof panels will be about 13 kW, absolutely sufficient to meet the demands of a
single household.
We also suggest the rainwater from the roof of the
building to be collected in a tank located below the slab at elevation ±0,00. The
tank is divided into two sectors. The first sector contains the water collected
from the roof which may be used in the kitchen and the bathrooms. After it has
been used once, the water goes to the second sector where again after
filtration it is used for cleansing the toilet cisterns. Finally, the water
goes into a septic tank where it is treated anaerobically (without oxygen) and
filtered by the roots of plants (wastewater treatment system „Wetland“) and is
used for watering the garden.
Product Spec Sheet
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