THE METAMORPHOSIS OF THE GREAT ROCK - THE MAGICAL MOUNTAIN
The Great Rock was created during the major reconstruction of the Zoo between 1909 and 1912. The dolomite peak of the Great Rock in the shape of a limestone range, was constructed based on detailed surveys and photo documentation of the “Egyeskő” peak in Transylvania; it covered an area of 4,700 m2, with a volume of 38,850 m3 and a height to the peak of 34 m.
The rehabilitation concept vision is a cave, carved into the rock block. The new mass forms a crystal-like structure inside the rock that extends into the existing reinforced concrete structure. The shell of the broken form is self-supporting, the new structure following the historically protected reinforced framework of the Great Rock.
The two bodies according to the concept complement one another, making up for an existing shortfall inside the rock. The resolution of this lacking goes beyond the archetypal connection of the rock and the cave (namely, one is positioned inside the other). A kind of dramaturgy has an important role to play, which builds on wandering and observation within the space. The visitor can continuously walk in and out of the new crystal structure, providing the option to admire alternatively one or the other structure from external or internal viewpoints. This experience is reinforced by the observation openings positioned at distinct points.
The internal halls of the rock were fully completed according to the final plans by 2011. The reconstruction added 3,000 m2 of flexible internal space to the 1909 concept (which only intended to utilise a section of the rock), and in addition, the use of renewable energy became one of the guiding threads. The heat from the thermal water feeding the Széchenyi Bath next to the Zoo has also been utilised, with the inclusion of a heat exchange system to supply renewable energy to the Great Rock.
The Zoo, which continuously has struggled with a lack of space, gained several thousands of square meters of exhibition area, as well as the option for housing cultural and other events. The wonders of the main structural elements supporting the Great Rock are sensitively highlighted by the reconstruction, and in the coordinated spaces an origami-like layer is added to the organically creasing boundary walls. The deep foundation of the framework, built in the past on a once boggy soil, even made it possible to excavate a complete new level above the base structure, thus they were able to increase the already considerable - so far unutilised - internal volume. Wherever possible, the light enters naturally into the spaces from above. An exciting, playful, accessible, and versatile string of space has been created, providing the Zoo with new opportunities for cultural events.
This together with richly equipped discovery areas and lecture theatres creates an exhibition system that can be found nowhere else in Central-Europe.