GA
is corporative project found in the city of Juarez, México, GA it is a Building
Company that specializes in low income housing; its approximate size is 1250
square meters in 3000 square meters of land.
The
architectural program was divided into these areas:
1.
- sales and customer service
2.
- finances
3.
- rentals
4.
- management (CEO office)
5.
- parking lot
The
urban context as a whole has residential areas, store, hospitals, hotels and
many vacant land, most buildings are 1 to 3 stories high, although there are
few buildings in the area 7 stories high. There are no historical buildings in
this area. Juarez is the 4th most important city in Mexico, it has
2,000,000 inhabitants, it is in the northern Mexico it is the border with EL PASO,
Texas USA.
Together
they are the largest transnational community in the world, with more than
3,000,000 inhabitants, extremely hot and has desert like weather, in the winter
it becomes very cold and temperatures can fall below -15C, with snow and rain,
during the summer months the temperature reaches 45C.
Design Process
We
needed to design a building that was functional, and practical, that looks
strong, but beautiful, and considering the budget assigned. We took the game of
jenga as our inspiration for our basic concept. Building modules of the same
size, we needed to build 5 levels with a total of 1250 square meters, each
level needed to have approximately 250 m2. We modified size and shape on each
one of the modules, according to the program and necessities. That is why on
the 1st level, the module is smaller, this is where less space is
needed, we have direct access for the disabled, and functions as a separate
lobby for levels 4 and 5, levels 2 and 3, where customer service and sales are
located they share the same visual space, even though the space is divided into
2 levels, there is a central space that has the elevator going through it, it
also allows one to see from floor 2 to 3, and vices versa that is way we
represent that volume using one same material (wood).
This
reception and work area has a continuous stream of approximately 100 people
(customers) coming in directly from the sidewalk, on to a hanging staircase
that invites to go in the building as they step off public transportation,
which most client use, this also makes us able to evacuate and clear the building
quickly and easier.
The
fourth levels is a flexible module; it can be separated into 1,2,3, or 4
different parts, each one with installation ducts, and bathrooms. The shape of
this level is an H, it is a transparent module it is light and airy. We have 4
terraces on each side of the building for employee recreation. We also have a
360 degree view, taking into account that the façade is all glass, sunshades
keep sun rays blocked, and this keeps the building cooler and makes the air
conditioning optimize its capacity. Our object is to recuperate part of the
original investment of the building with the use (rental space) of this level.
The
last level 5th floor, is one module built of concrete, it has 4
large terraces, the roof is built as an inverted vault, for several reason, to
capture rain water, to conserve the buildings proportions, it softens the look
of the building and lets you know the building ends there, that there are no
more floors, in the interior it gives you height in the edges its where the
main offices locate, so the heat its not near the user , its lower in the
center of the building where the stair case and elevator don´t need the height.
Structure and Materials
We
mentioned before our basic concept inspired by the game Jenga and the tree like
structure, we realized that by taking piece from the bottom of the structure we
could still support great volume above, balancing the empty space with de ones
that weren´t, we wanted a strong and imposing structure, but keeping the idea
of lightness and floatation, something like when one looks at tree with
enormous branches and a slim trunk, we applied this to our design, working the
levels in cantilever.
Basically
we have a centered mixed structure that works as a main vertebra, there are 4
concrete columns at the center of the building they support transversal steel
beams that work in cantilever, 8 meters over hanged on each side. In between
the columns we located the vertical circulation allowing the access by elevator
to each floor, and it also meads the staircase and the buildings ducts. It has
light weight slabs allowing the structure to defy gravity. The foundation had
to be strong it prevents the building to overturn taking in consideration that
the area has sometimes winds up to 90km per hour. Deep foundation pillars were
the solution.
The materials we used:
Concrete,
steel, glass, marble and wood (plycem).
These
4 materials are easy to maintain, they are clean, weather resistant, strong,
somehow they are timeless. We have located the building in the center of the
lot, as forward as possible; the visual contact is imposing and besides being
able to see right through the building gives the impression of a floating
structure, we did not wanted the parking lot as the main façade. GA is working
today in the new head quarters and they have improved sales with there new
building, they have optimized time, space and interaction with themselves and
clients; they have a new icon for their Company and for the city of Juarez.