In 1999, the Gujarat Council of Science City (GCSC), an autonomous registered society was established under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, India. Along with a vision to foster a scientific temper and promote knowledge-driven economic growth, the Council recognized a need to instill empathy towards all living creatures and the environment. To realize this, a sprawling 200 acres Science City has been developed in the city of Ahmedabad which seeks to go beyond conventional educational paradigms by appreciating and respecting the diverse ecosystems and life forms that coexist with us on this planet. Through innovative displays, interactive experiences, and educational initiatives, various galleries like the Aquatic gallery, Robotic gallery, earth gallery, Astronomy & Space Science gallery, and many more, endeavor to nurture an awareness of the delicate balance between humanity and the broader web of life.

India’s largest and first planned inland aquarium, the Aquatic Gallery, is a 5th generation world-class public aquarium. Catering to the vision of edutainment and designed with a vision to bridge the gap between formal science education and the community at large, it is a major attraction in the Science City campus, which attracts more than 1 million people annually.

The form draws inspiration from the intricate beauty and harmony found in nature. The design, influenced by the spiralling, mysterious structure of galaxies, and the perfectly proportioned shells abundant along the Gujarat coast, manifests itself in an innovative architectural form. The primary inspiration is drawn from the nautilus, a marine mollusc known for its beautifully segmented and spiralled shell, which serves as a metaphor for the interconnectedness of science, the dynamic evolution of knowledge, and the continuous exploration of the universe. The circular, segmented, and spiral organization of the viewing galleries is a nod to the nautilus shell, allowing for seamless movement through spaces that progressively increase in size and continuity. The underwater viewing walkway, multi-level viewing gallery, and interpretation centre are strategically integrated into the design to evoke a sense of awe and discovery, mirroring the aesthetics found in nature, and symbolizes the cyclical nature of scientific inquiry and exploration. The dynamic exterior form reflects the ever-evolving landscape of knowledge, creating an engaging and visually stimulating experience for visitors. The design evokes many environmental associations, the most important being a connection to water and life within.

The design process had to be a rigorous and synergetic one to ensure that the project achieves its goal of truly immersive edutainment, and the environments are safe for all the species while offering visitors a sensory and absorbing experience of various underwater worlds. The Aquarium showcases 71% of Earth’s surface at an average depth of about 3.5 km. The central circular atrium, 27.5m in diameter, provides a multipurpose space from where the galleries emanate, with a form that rises at the center of the spiral, reaching upwards for light through clerestory windows. It features a monumental water-world map floor mural, showcasing the oceans of the world along with an orientation audio-visual show. The 72 exhibit tanks with huge 12x4m windows and interactive display screens, house 180 species. 12,000+ fishes native to various regions are categorized into zones like the Indian, Asian, African, American, etc. A major attraction is the Oceanarium with its 30m long transparent tunnel housing sharks and various species.

Each tank is connected to life support systems (LSS) which maintain salinity, pH, & TDS levels, chemical oxygen, etc. Laboratories and quarantine areas facilitate regular checkup and testing. Touch pools, a special penguin exhibit, a 5D theatre & a ship-themed cafeteria, all offer an interactive, immersive, and fun experience for kids and adults alike. The interiors range from grand to intimate settings, allowing the architecture and exhibits to convey an array of diverse environments and moods. The design and execution of the project not only included designing the facility and its experiences but also the species selection and procurement. A major challenge was the project execution during COVID-19, which was met successfully without any compromise on timelines, quality, & procurement of fishes across international borders.

Various strategies like self-shading, an insulated envelope and high-performance low-e glazing system curtail energy consumption. The exhibits at lower level enable the majority of water loads to remain at ground level within a controlled environment, promoting stable water temperatures & optimal life support systems. The centralized Chilled Water Energy Efficient System saves 90 tons of cooling. Integrated Building Management Systems (IBMS) compatibility is maintained through RS-485 equipped meters. Intelligent automation offers dimming, dimout & programmable options.

The exterior utilizes exposed green concrete, fly ash bricks, metal, and glass, harmonizing with natural shapes. Exposed RCC surfaces introduce a dynamic visual quality, including shadow interplays on the façade, & openings resemble fish gills. The glass along the public and support areas allows natural daylight. Both form & detailing prioritize structural stability & resilience against seismic activities.

The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, on a recent visit said that the Aquatic Gallery is a celebration of aquatic biodiversity and marine marvels. "It highlights the delicate yet dynamic balance of our aquatic ecosystems. It is not only an educative experience, but also a call for conservation and deep respect for the world beneath the waves," he added.