{"id":20747,"date":"2016-04-21T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-21T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/architizer.wpengine.com\/gotham-city-in-cinema-an-exploration-in-urban-dystopia\/"},"modified":"2022-05-31T09:07:59","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T13:07:59","slug":"gotham-city-in-cinema-an-exploration-in-urban-dystopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/practice\/details\/gotham-city-in-cinema-an-exploration-in-urban-dystopia\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban Dystopia: The Architecture of Gotham City"},"content":{"rendered":"

Architects: Showcase your next project through <\/span>Architizer<\/span><\/a> and sign up for our <\/span>inspirational newsletter<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Of all superheroes, Batman is the one that\u2019s most synonymous with the city he serves. Unlike Superman or Spider-Man, who had their powers thrust upon them, Batman took up the cape totally of his own volition, after deciding that Gotham City\u2019s crime epidemic could only be solved through extralegal means. In this sense, Batman represents the failure of civic institutions: A functional city just wouldn\u2019t need a guy like him. As Commissioner Gordon explains at the end of the 2008 film \u201cThe Dark Knight,<\/i>\u201d \u201c<\/i>He\u2019s not our hero. He\u2019s a silent guardian.\u201d<\/p>\n

But what is this city that is so fundamentally corrupt it requires a \u201csilent guardian?\u201d What does it look like? What architectural style predominates here? Different directors have provided different answers to these questions, each reflecting their own feelings about modern urban life and, perhaps more pertinently, urban decay. With \u201cBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\u201d<\/i>bringing Gotham City to theaters once again, the time seems right to revisit the different ways it has been represented in the past.<\/p>\n

\u201cBatman\u201d<\/b> (1989)<\/h2>\n

Directed by Tim Burton<\/p>\n

\n\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n

Via <\/i>SkyscraperCity<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Tim Burton is known as one of the most visually distinctive directors in Hollywood. His films tend to be set in fantastical, gothic locales, and \u201cBatman\u201d<\/i>is no exception. In this film, Gotham City is depicted as a magnificent art-deco metropolis in decline. The city\u2019s former grandeur can still be glimpsed through the layers of filth and decay, but only dimly. Years of unbridled development and a lack of upkeep have transformed the city into a dingy, smog-ridden dystopia, barely fit for human occupation.<\/p>\n

In an interview with Time <\/i>magazine<\/i>around the time of the film\u2019s release, production designer Anton Furst described the team\u2019s desire to \u201cmake Gotham City the ugliest and bleakest metropolis imaginable. We imagined what New York City might have become without a planning commission. A city run by crime, with a riot of architectural styles. An essay in ugliness. As if hell erupted through the pavement and kept on going.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Via <\/i>SkyscraperCity<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

To achieve this dystopian vision, the filmmakers decided to construct a film set wholly from scratch at Pinewood Studios in England for the scenes set in Gotham. The exterior shots of Wayne Manor were filmed on location at Knebworth House, a massive Tudor Gothic residence in Hertfordshire, England, built in stages between 1813 and 1845.<\/p>\n

Like the cacophonous Gotham set, Burton\u2019s Wayne Manor is not intended as a realistic representation of an American millionaire\u2019s residence, but rather as a caricature of extreme opulence. In Burton\u2019s view, Gotham is a city of extremes. \u201cThe whole film and mythology of the character is a complete duel of the freaks,\u201d explained Burton. \u201cIt\u2019s a fight between two disturbed people.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Via <\/i>Internet Movie Cars Database<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

The director\u2019s mixed feelings toward Batman\u2019s extremism might have influenced his decision to stage the Caped Crusader\u2019s first appearance at Axis Chemicals, a fictional chemical plant filmed at Acton Lane Power Station in London. In a harrowing shot, the word AXIS appears in red neon letters right behind Batman, perhaps implying a relationship between his methods and those of totalitarian regimes.<\/p>\n

Film critic Richard Corliss, writing for Time, <\/i>took this reading even further, noting that numerous visual elements in the film suggest that Burton intends to paint Batman as a fascist figure. \u201cGotham City, despite being shot on a studio backlot, is literally another character in the script,\u201d he explained. \u201cIt has the demeaning presence of German expressionism and fascist architecture, staring down at the citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Via <\/i>ComicBookMovie.com<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Corliss points to Fritz Lang\u2019s 1927 dystopian film \u201cMetropolis\u201d<\/i>as an obvious reference point for Burton\u2019s Gotham. This German-expressionist classic features massive, looming art-deco structures that suggest a society controlled by forces totally indifferent to lives of ordinary people. Batman, an eccentric millionaire who works outside the law to impose his own vision of justice on the people of Gotham, could certainly be viewed as the sort of grandiose, undemocratic figure Lang\u2019s film warns against. Then again, with villains like the Joker on the loose, where would Gotham be without its favorite vigilante?<\/p>\n

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Still from Fritz Lang\u2019s \u201cMetropolis\u201d (1927) via <\/i>3:AM Magazine<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

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Production designer Anton Furst\u2019s early sketches for the set of \u201cBatman\u201d <\/i>show the influence of Fritz Lang\u2019s vision of urban impenetrability; via <\/i>DesignCommunity<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Dark Knight\u201d <\/b>(2008)<\/h2>\n

Directed by Christopher Nolan<\/p>\n

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A gentrifying Gotham? The Joker stands outside Starbucks on a pristine boulevard; via <\/i>camerainthesun.com<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Christopher Nolan\u2019s Gotham City in \u201cThe Dark Knight\u201d<\/i>(2008) is almost the polar opposite of Burton\u2019s. Where Burton\u2019s city was crowded, dingy and chaotic, Nolan\u2019s does not seem especially dysfunctional \u2014 at least from the outside. Filmed mostly in Chicago, this Gotham is dominated by wide boulevards and the clean lines of international-style skyscrapers. It does, in fact, look like a realistic American city, and an idealized one at that. The labyrinthine back alleys where Gotham\u2019s criminals usually fester don\u2019t seem to exist here. But, as Batman learns, not even a gleaming metropolis is safe from international crime syndicates or domestic terrorism.<\/p>\n

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Image via Moviepilot<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

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This sculpture is known to Chicagoans simply as The Picasso. A detailed view of the Richard J. Daley Center can be seen in the background; v<\/i>ia <\/i>Dan DeLuca, Flickr<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Nothing underscores the buttoned-up respectability of Nolan\u2019s Gotham more than the decision to place the headquarters of Wayne Enterprises in the Richard J. Daley<\/a> Center, a classic, international-style skyscraper designed by architect Jacques Brownson. Completed in 1965, it serves as Chicago\u2019s premier Civic Center and is known for its innovative use of Corten steel, a material specially designed to age gracefully by strengthening as it rusts. Corten steel is responsible for the structure\u2019s trademark red-brown color. The plaza adjacent to this building is home to an untitled Picasso sculpture \u2014 also made of Corten steel \u2014 that is one of Chicago\u2019s most recognizable pieces of public art. Very classy, Mr. Wayne.<\/p>\n

The Richard J. Daley Center isn\u2019t the only sleek modernist Wayne property in \u201cThe Dark Knight.\u201d <\/i>After the destruction of Wayne Manor in the film\u2019s prequel, \u201cBatman Begins\u201d<\/i>(2005), <\/i>Bruce Wayne has moved into a fabulous high-rise penthouse with wraparound views of the city. The room used for filming is actually the ballroom at the Wyndham Grand Chicago Riverfront Hotel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Image via <\/i>MovieMaps<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

As one can surmise from his tastefully decorated penthouse, Nolan\u2019s Batman is not nearly as outr\u00e9 a hero as Burton\u2019s. Wayne\u2019s role as Batman almost seems like a natural extension of his job as the head of a defense technology company whose products include all-terrain tanks and a surveillance system that works by assembling echo-location data from cellphones.<\/p>\n

Thematically, the film is less preoccupied with 20th-century totalitarianism than it is with more contemporary questions of how to balance democratic ideals against the pressing threat of terrorism, represented by Heath Ledger\u2019s anarchist-minded Joker. On this topic, the film comes to a mixed conclusion: While Batman destroys the echo-location surveillance machine at the end \u2014 citing privacy concerns \u2014 he and Gordon agree to cover up a series of murders committed by the District Attorney in order to preserve the people\u2019s faith in government. While Nolan\u2019s sleek Gotham is not the clearly corrupt, dissembling metropolis of Burton\u2019s film, the conclusion of the \u201cThe Dark Knight\u201d suggests its apparent stability may just be a fa\u00e7ade. The city\u2019s secrets run too deep.<\/p>\n

\u201cBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\u201d<\/b><\/i>(2016)<\/h2>\n

Directed by Zack Snyder<\/p>\n

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Lex Luthor contemplates the distant Gotham skyline from a Metropolis rooftop; via <\/i>Digital Spy<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

In \u201cBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\u201d<\/i>(2016), director Zack Snyder places Gotham and Superman\u2019s home city Metropolis directly across from one another, on opposite sides of a small body of water. \u201cThe big rule that we broke is that we put Gotham and Metropolis right next to each other,\u201d Snyder explained. \u201cIt made sense to us and worked for our story that they were kind of sister cities across a big bay. It\u2019s like Oakland and San Francisco, kind of.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Bruce Wayne responds to a crisis at Wayne Enterprises \u2026 in Metropolis; via <\/i>Screen Rant<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Few scenes in this film are set in Gotham, but the city still figures heavily as a felt absence in the film, a foil to the more frequently featured Metropolis. When Bruce Wayne needs to attend a gala, it\u2019s Metropolis he travels to. Similarly, in a flashback, we see Wayne rush to Metropolis to help his employees vacate their building as it comes under fire during an alien attack. Even Wayne Enterprises, it seems, is now headquartered in Metropolis. A seat of media and big business, Metropolis feels like the center of the world while Gotham languishes in the shadows.<\/p>\n

\n\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n

The gloomy, abandoned warehouse that kicks off the film\u2019s last act may be a perfect metaphor for Gotham City; v<\/i>ia <\/i>Bustle<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

We do visit Gotham at the very end: When Batman lures Superman into a final confrontation, he chooses to do so on his home turf, in an abandoned warehouse on the Gotham waterfront. And really, this might be the most fitting metaphor of all for Gotham City. Remember, this was the city the world abandoned. In every version of the Batman myth, we learn that corrupt or otherwise ineffective politicians allowed Gotham to fall into the hands of thugs, gangsters and even homicidal maniacs like the Joker.<\/p>\n

Batman exists because a failing city \u2014 an abandoned city \u2014 requires a deus ex machina to pull it back from the brink. The job is dangerous, thankless and, in \u201cBatman v Superman,\u201d even unglamorous, as Batman feels duty-bound to try to kill Superman, America\u2019s golden boy. But it\u2019s necessary, of course \u2026 at least according to Batman.<\/p>\n

Architects: Showcase your next project through <\/span>Architizer<\/span><\/a> and sign up for our <\/span>inspirational newsletter<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Architects: Showcase your next project through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter. Of all superheroes, Batman is the one that\u2019s most synonymous with the city he serves. Unlike Superman or Spider-Man, who had their powers thrust upon them, Batman took up the cape totally of his own volition, after deciding that Gotham City\u2019s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"architizer_featured_type":"projects","architizer_featured_image":"1571301","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,2],"tags":[19],"architizer_project":[],"architizer_brand":[],"architizer_firm":[],"architizer_product":[],"class_list":["post-20747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-details","category-practice","tag-guide"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUrban Dystopia: The Architecture of Gotham City - Architizer Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/practice\/details\/gotham-city-in-cinema-an-exploration-in-urban-dystopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urban Dystopia: The Architecture of Gotham City - Architizer Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Architects: Showcase your next project through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter. Of all superheroes, Batman is the one that\u2019s most synonymous with the city he serves. 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