{"id":175609,"date":"2023-03-15T11:15:48","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T15:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/?p=175609"},"modified":"2024-12-15T04:42:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T09:42:45","slug":"problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/","title":{"rendered":"“When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work by uploading projects to Architizer<\/a>\u00a0and sign up for our\u00a0inspirational newsletters<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n

This article was written in collaboration with Californian architect Ian Ayers<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cities and towns have been designed and\/or “planned” since prehistory. But they have more often than not just sprung up seemingly spontaneously and have grown organically, without much in the way of anything that we would now call “planning.” In the urban frontier of America, as it swept across the continent, “planning” consisted of throwing a grid across the land, which was optimized for the ease of the surveyors and situated near a river, railroad stop or mine shaft.<\/p>\n

People were left to their own devices as to what they built on their parcel. San Francisco is an extreme example of the mindlessness of the practice, with its impossibly steep streets the result of a rigid grid thrown over craggy hills.<\/p>\n

\n

Planner Inquisitor<\/h3>\n

Nowadays, though, planners are in our closets, haggling over minutia and imposing conformity to their \u2014 upper-middle-class \u2014 aesthetics. Their interference has come at an enormous cost to every community and our general well-being, not to mention huge permit fees and endless delays for homeowners and developers alike.<\/p>\n

The planning profession in the US got its start with the City Beautiful Movement<\/a> of the early twentieth century, with Burnham’s plan for Chicago in 1909<\/a> often credited as the first planning code. This movement dreamed of a city of white marble neoclassical fa\u00e7ades set on wide boulevards, devoid of not just the polluting industries and noxious stockyards but also of the unsightly slums of the urban poor.<\/p>\n

\n

By Their Deeds, They Shall Be Known<\/h3>\n
\"Suburban

Suburban Sprawl Aerial Views. Photo by Breno Assis<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a> (left) and Blake Wheeler<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a> (right)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

In the century or so since this dreadful profession took root, it has imposed its bourgeois vision by hollowing out the American city. The human and environmental costs have been staggering. These little Manhattans have mostly been bulldozed and replaced primarily with parking \u2014 the US now has seven parking spaces for every car<\/a>!<\/p>\n

The few scraps of old urban fabric left standing have become treasured remnants filled with trendy eateries or retrofitted into lofts. Into this wasteland, the planners then planted a mono-culture of office towers that empty out at 5 p.m., turning these old downtowns into ghost towns from evening till dawn.<\/p>\n

Now, this degraded environment typically marks a weak nucleus of an urban sprawl that spreads indefinitely in all directions. Within that sprawl is enforced conformity: In this area, you may live but not work; in this other one, you may have an office, and you must go to this other area to shop\u00a0 \u2014 or have your car fixed or go to school \u2014 and they are all distinct, mandated from above, and often separated by quite some distance.<\/p>\n

\n

Cars, The Monsters That Eat Us<\/h3>\n

But the price we pay for the failures of the planning profession go well beyond just gutted cities. Their warm embrace of auto transportation at the expense of everything else is wreaking its ongoing carnage: again, the US hit another record of pedestrian deaths by automobile<\/a> in 2022, making the country, by far, the most dangerous place to take a walk.<\/p>\n

Our car-choked lives are the leading cause of death for children. The planners gave us that. They have also given us endless expanses of soul-sucking suburban sprawl where, according to psychiatrists, everybody feels lonely and detached. Who woulda thought?! It might be overkill to go on about the air pollution and water pollution engendered by the sprawling monotony the planners have foisted upon us.<\/p>\n

The planners have the answer \u2014 so they think \u2014 and it’s usually “nope!” Do you want to give a visionary young architect the chance to do something new? Nope! Want to add an in-law unit so your parents can live with you? Nope! You don’t want a lot of parking? Nope!<\/p>\n

If you want to build your house, the planners will mandate not only how big or tall your house is, where on the site it is, how many units it includes, how much parking it has, but also what it’s finished with, whether it has bay windows and what shape they are and every last detail down to the form of a crown molding.<\/p>\n

\n

Santa Barbara: One Case of Overkill<\/h3>\n

Take a city like Santa Barbara: Every tiny element is dictated from above. Their Design Guidelines<\/a> section for Building and Site Features is divided into the following headings:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Fence, Screen, Wall, Hedge Guidelines
\n\u2022 Outdoor Dining in the Public Right-of-Way
\n\u2022 Outdoor Lighting Design Guidelines
\n\u2022 Vending Machine Design Guidelines
\n\u2022 Santa Barbara Colors
\n\u2022 Solar Energy Systems Design Guidelines
\n\u2022 Visual Art Guidelines
\n\u2022 Wireless Communication Antennas Guidelines<\/p>\n

And all that is before you even get to the guidelines for buildings! Needless to say, the building guidelines are exhaustive and detailed. The city of Santa Barbara is especially interested in dictating “style”.<\/p>\n

In a helpful question-and-answer format, the city’s residential guild asks: \u201cDo I Have to Build a Certain Architectural Style?\u201d and then answers itself with \u201c…not always…\u201d adding a list of approved styles: “Bungalow, Mission, Victorian, Modern”. The result is a sort of stifling perfection of wealthy people’s houses lining the streets like an army of Mission-style Stepford Wives. The poor are relegated to live in another town \u2014 Santa Maria \u2014 and are forced to drive long distances to their jobs, some of them cleaning these very houses.<\/p>\n

\"Redondo

Redondo Beach Street view. Photo by Paul Hanaoka<\/a> via Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

These “guidelines” are the core of the planning profession’s fascism. In a democracy, power is divided between the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. Planning departments \u2014 part of the executive branch \u2014 are supposed to merely enforce the planning code as written by the city council \u2014 the legislative branch \u2014 but the “guidelines” the planning departments put out are not laws. They are not written with any legal precision. They are filled with undefined, subjective terms.<\/p>\n

By making subjective rules, the planners appropriate to themselves both the role of rule-maker\u2014 supposedly the legislative power \u2014 and the rule enforcer \u2014 the executive power. As the hapless homeowner or their architect, you can never know what the rules are just by reading a code. You have to grovel before a bunch of Napoleons who have appointed themselves arbitrators of style and design.<\/p>\n

The New York Times<\/a> recently reported that the construction industry has not seen any improvement in worker productivity in fifty years, a period during which worker productivity across the economy tripled, and productivity in manufacturing increased ninefold. Why? It pretty much boils down to obsessive regulation. That is what the planning profession has given us.<\/p>\n

All of this damage, all this expense, all this wasted effort, and for what? So that we can avoid the occasional unsightly bright pink McMansion?\u00a0 It’s madness. It’s undemocratic, it’s classist, and yes, ultimately, the very impulse to want to dictate style is fascist at its core. It is about dictating public expression and controlling which classes and cultures get to express themselves through their buildings, how, and where.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

* The title of this article was inspired by American writer Harry Sinclair Lewis’ political quote.<\/a> This article was written in collaboration with Californian architect Ian Ayers. <\/em><\/p>\n

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work by uploading projects to Architizer<\/a>\u00a0and sign up for our\u00a0inspirational newsletters<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n

Top image: New Jersey 17, Paramus, United States<\/span><\/span><\/a> by Matt Donders via Unspash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":371,"featured_media":175639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"architizer_featured_type":"insert","architizer_featured_image":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"architizer_project":[],"architizer_brand":[],"architizer_firm":[],"architizer_product":[],"class_list":["post-175609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inspiration","category-stories"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n"When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code." - Architizer Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fascism Comes to America Under The Guise of \u201cDesign Guidelines"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Architizer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1438\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Francesc Zamora\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Fascism Comes to America Under The Guise of \u201cDesign Guidelines"\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Architizer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Architizer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Francesc Zamora\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Francesc Zamora\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/77e4e3942d2ae2cbb1983d155dc6a1af\"},\"headline\":\"“When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.”\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\"},\"wordCount\":1231,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Inspiration\",\"Stories\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\",\"name\":\"\\\"When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.\\\" - Architizer Journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1438,\"caption\":\"New Jersey 17, Paramus, United States. Photo by Matt Donders on Unsplash\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"“When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.”\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Journal\",\"description\":\"Inspiration and Tools for Architects\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Architizer\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/favicon.df2618023937.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/favicon.df2618023937.png\",\"width\":36,\"height\":36,\"caption\":\"Architizer\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Architizer\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/Architizer\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/architizer\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/architizer\/\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/architizer\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/Architizer\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/77e4e3942d2ae2cbb1983d155dc6a1af\",\"name\":\"Francesc Zamora\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/francesc-zamora_avatar-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/francesc-zamora_avatar-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Francesc Zamora\"},\"description\":\"Francesc studied interior architecture first in Barcelona and later in San Francisco. Working with various small Bay Area architecture offices, he admires the vibrant mix of tradition and contemporary design and the area's multicultural heritage. Now back in Barcelona, Francesc edits and authors architecture and design books.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/author\/francesc-zamora\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\"When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.\" - Architizer Journal","description":"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fascism Comes to America Under The Guise of \u201cDesign Guidelines\"","og_description":"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.","og_url":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/","og_site_name":"Journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Architizer\/","article_published_time":"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1438,"url":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Francesc Zamora","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Fascism Comes to America Under The Guise of \u201cDesign Guidelines\"","twitter_creator":"@Architizer","twitter_site":"@Architizer","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Francesc Zamora","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/"},"author":{"name":"Francesc Zamora","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/77e4e3942d2ae2cbb1983d155dc6a1af"},"headline":"“When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.”","datePublished":"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/"},"wordCount":1231,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["Inspiration","Stories"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/","url":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/","name":"\"When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.\" - Architizer Journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2023-03-15T15:15:48+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-15T09:42:45+00:00","description":"Planning and design guidelines dictate architectural expression. They are not written with legal precision and are filled with subjective terms.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1438,"caption":"New Jersey 17, Paramus, United States. Photo by Matt Donders on Unsplash"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/problem-with-design-guidelines-planning-codes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"“When Fascism Comes to America, It Will Be Wrapped in Presumption and Carrying a Planning Code.”"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/","name":"Journal","description":"Inspiration and Tools for Architects","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Architizer","url":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/favicon.df2618023937.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/favicon.df2618023937.png","width":36,"height":36,"caption":"Architizer"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Architizer\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Architizer","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/architizer\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/architizer\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/architizer\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/Architizer"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/77e4e3942d2ae2cbb1983d155dc6a1af","name":"Francesc Zamora","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/francesc-zamora_avatar-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/francesc-zamora_avatar-96x96.jpg","caption":"Francesc Zamora"},"description":"Francesc studied interior architecture first in Barcelona and later in San Francisco. Working with various small Bay Area architecture offices, he admires the vibrant mix of tradition and contemporary design and the area's multicultural heritage. Now back in Barcelona, Francesc edits and authors architecture and design books.","url":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/author\/francesc-zamora\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blog.architizer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/matt-donders-fo3Obuy794g-unsplash-scaled.jpg","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/371"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175609\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/175639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=175609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=175609"},{"taxonomy":"architizer_project","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/architizer_project?post=175609"},{"taxonomy":"architizer_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/architizer_brand?post=175609"},{"taxonomy":"architizer_firm","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/architizer_firm?post=175609"},{"taxonomy":"architizer_product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/architizer_product?post=175609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}