Given that it takes an average of 6 years to learn the architectural design process in school and another decade to really learn how to implement it– the practice can be a bit esoteric and complex. Below, we attempt to boil it down to 5 simple steps!
1. Programming
The first step in the design process is programming, which is essentially determining the scope of the work. While programming, architects research the constraints and requirements necessitated by the project. Architects decide on a budget, may research zoning and building code restrictions, contact a surveyor to produce a site-survey, and decide on the functionality of the space and how that can be arranged spatially.
2. Schematic Design
At this point, the architect will produce 2-3 preliminary design that illustrate the architectural concepts at play and the basic shape of the envelope or interior. Usually accompanied by models and diagrammatic illustrations of light, circulation, and space, they will illustrate the core utility of the project. At this point, material decisions are integrated into the conversation—but nothing is decided just yet.
3. Design Development
Eventually, vague conceptual sketches become complex renderings. Their evolution is accompanied by a series of decisions that focus in on detail and method. For example, a wall becomes a drywall with wood veneer. Minute details become increasingly important and architects spend much of their time researching products, materials, and finishes in order to find a solution to the myriad of challenges they may face.
4. Construction Documents
By the end, they will have produced a set of construction drawings and specifications that can be submitted for a permit. At this point architects need to figure out how materials, structures, and systems connect. To put that in english, they need to make sure the floor meets the wall. Architects might even hire a group of engineers or a consultation group to help with the various systems at play, like plumbing, heating, and insulation.
By the end of the process, all the products and materials should be specified and, consequently, legally bound to the project.
5. Construction Administration
A general contractor is hired to oversee construction. The construction documents, prepared by the architect, will both direct and dictate their actions. Usually, the general contractor will have a separate contract with the building owner for their construction services, but will still be bound to the product specifications prepared by the architect. In order to suggest alternatives, contractors can submit product substitution proposals. Yet, in the end, it’s the architects to decision whether or not to approve them. It’s both illegal and dangerous for contractors to substitute products without the permission of the architect.
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However, remember that each and every architect has experienced and been taught design in a different way, so take this advice with a grain of salt. Also, brand manufacturers should remember that architects are always looking for inspiration — learn more in our whitepaper on “How to Sell to Architects.”